docker安装

文章目录
  1. 1. 1.1 在Win10上准备centos7
    1. 1.1. 1.1.1 下载安装vagrant
    2. 1.2. 1.1.2 下载安装virtual box
    3. 1.3. 1.1.3 安装centos7
    4. 1.4. 1.1.4 若想通过Xshell连接centos7
    5. 1.5. 1.1.5 Vagrantfile通用写法
    6. 1.6. 1.1.6 box的打包分发
  2. 2. 1.2.1 安装docker
  3. 3. 1.2.2 docker基本体验
  4. 4. 1.2.3 可能有的疑惑

1.1 在Win10上准备centos7

我们的目的仅仅是要安装一个centos7,然后在centos7上安装docker

如果搞不定vagrant+virtualbox的方式,也可以直接使用VM搭建一个centos7

或者你可以直接使用一台云服务器,上面安装了centos7

毕竟我们的目的只是为了得到一个centos7的机器,所以不必花太多精力在这个问题上折腾

使用的环境是(建议尽量使用这个版本,因为vagrant和VirtualBox会出现版本冲突问题)

win10 64位
VirtualBox-6.0.12-133076-Win
vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64
centos7
XShell6

采坑指南:安装过程碰到的一些问题https://gper.club/articles/7e7e7f7ff7g58gc1g6e

1.1.1 下载安装vagrant

01 访问Vagrant官网
https://www.vagrantup.com/

02 点击Download
Windows,MacOS,Linux等

03 选择对应的版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 命令行输入vagrant,测试是否安装成功

1.1.2 下载安装virtual box

01 访问VirtualBox官网
https://www.virtualbox.org/

02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

03 选择对应的操作系统版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚,并提示安装出现严重错误
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager,然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装

1.1.3 安装centos7

01 创建centos7文件夹,并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]

02 在此目录下打开cmd,运行vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile,同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7,关键是这个镜像在哪里,我已经提前准备好了,名称是virtualbox.box文件

03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
(2)保存到磁盘的某个目录,比如D:\virtualbox.box
(3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7:vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
(4)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]

04 centos/7镜像有了,根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
来到centos7文件夹,在此目录打开cmd窗口,执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察,可以发现centos7创建成功]

05 以后大家操作虚拟机,还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
vagrant halt 优雅关闭
vagrant up 正常启动

06 vagrant常用命令
(1)vagrant ssh
进入刚才创建的centos7中
(2)vagrant status
查看centos7的状态
(3)vagrant halt
停止/关闭centos7
(4)vagrant destroy
删除centos7
(5)vagrant status
查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
(6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令,使得centos7更加丰富
但是要注意,修改了Vagrantfile,要想使正常运行的centos7生效,必须使用vagrant reload
(7)使用sudo -i切换到根目录(root账号)

至此,使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成,后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置

1.1.4 若想通过Xshell连接centos7

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
关注:Hostname Port IdentityFile
IP:127.0.0.1
port:2222
用户名:vagrant
密码:vagrant
文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key

02 使用root账户登录
vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd修改密码,比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用账号root,密码abc123进行登录

1.1.5 Vagrantfile通用写法

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.

# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"

# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false

# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
config.vm.network "public_network"

# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "4000"
vb.name= "jack-centos7"
vb.cpus= 2
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.

# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end

1.1.6 box的打包分发

01 退出虚拟机
vagrant halt

02 打包
vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box

03 得到first-docker-centos7.box

04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box

05 得到Vagrantfile
vagrant init first-docker-centos7

06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境,但是网络要重新配置]

1.2.1 安装docker

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/

01 进入centos7
vagrant ssh

02 卸载之前的docker
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine

03 安装必要的依赖
sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2

04 设置docker仓库 [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度,后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

[访问这个地址,使用自己的阿里云账号登录,查看菜单栏左下角,发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]

05 安装docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

06 启动docker
sudo systemctl start docker

07 设置docker开机启动
sudo systemctl enable docker

08 查看版本号
docker version

09 测试docker安装是否成功
查看镜像
docker images
拉取镜像
sudo docker pull hello-world
运行容器
sudo docker run --name myhelloworld hello-world
查看容器
docker ps -a

1.2.2 docker基本体验

01 创建tomcat容器
拉取tomcat镜像
docker pull tomcat

启动容器,将tomcat的8080端口映射到虚拟机的9090端口(访问时使用9090端口访问)
docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat

进入到tomcat容器

02 创建mysql容器
拉取mysql镜像
docker pull mysql

启动mysql容器(设置root账号的默认密码)
docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --privileged mysql

03 进入到容器里面
docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash

1.2.3 可能有的疑惑

(1)docker pull在哪拉取的镜像?

​ 默认是在hub.docker.com

(2)docker pull tomcat拉取的版本是?

​ 默认是最新的版本,可以在后面指定版本”:”

(3)简单先说一下命令咯

docker pull        拉取镜像到本地
docker run 根据某个镜像创建容器
-d 让容器在后台运行,其实就是一个进程
--name 给容器指定一个名字
-p 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口
docker exec -it 进入到某个容器中并交互式运行